Essay on Obedience - 755 Words

Obedience is the process by which individuals comply with the instructions given by an authority figure not to be confused with conformity. There is one similarity between obedience and conformity which is that both involved a renunciation Of personal responsibility. There is three differences between Obedience and Conformity. The first one is that in Obedience an order or an instruction is given whereas no instructions or order is given in conformity. The second one is that in obedience there will be a difference of status e.g : a doctor and a nurse whereas in conformity the group followed will have the same equal status. And the last one is that in obedience it is about status and power whereas in conformity it is a need of being†¦show more content†¦On three of the participants full seizures were observed. There are different sorts of explanations for MILGRAM experiment following the findings to that experiment. Situational explanations and dispositional explanations. The situational explanations are that the participants will need to be in a socially obedient environment that means that the authorities seen that environment as legitimate and trustworthy. There is a need of graduated commitment which means that there is a move from a reasonable request to an unreasonable one(s). But there is also an Agentic state, an agentic state means that there is an acting agent for someone else who is not responsible. The dispositional explanations are that the participants got a rigid belief in the conventional values, that there is a general hostility towards the other groups, that there is an intolerance of ambiguity but also a submissive attitude to the authority figures and that you have to consider the importance of the early childhood experiences. If we should have a discussion on MILGRAM study, we should have a look at the experiment but with a few variations such as a relocation to another environment less prestigious, or that the participants are forced to see the pain inflicted to the learner or again a refusal from the confederate. All those variations will probably have an effect on the results of MILGRAM experiment, results such as that the participants will be lessShow MoreRelatedMilgram s Research On Obedience Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesWhy did Milgram decide to study this topic? What was the motivating factor/event that inspired Milgram to research obedience? †¢ The main reason that Milgram decided to study the topic of obedience was to better understand the extreme inhumane conditions that Jews faced during the holocaust at the hands of German soldiers. Over the 12 year period between the early 1930’s through the mid 1940’s millions of Jews died in death camps run by Germans. Since Milgram himself was of Jewish descent, MilgramRead MoreAuthority Is A Fundamental Part Of Life Essay2069 Words   |  9 Pagesuse authority to maintain order and obedience throughout communities. Parents possess characteristics of authority in order to teach children right from wrong. As well as, teachers are considered authority figures since they need to control and maintain obedience in the classroom. Authority cannot exist without obedience. Society is developed on this notion. Without authority, and its required obedience, disorder and disruption would occur. But how much obedience to authority is necessary? When isRead MoreAnalysis Of Just Do What The Pilot Tells You831 Words   |  4 PagesDalrymple, is a British physician who discusses why blind obedience is discouraged. His article, â€Å" Just Do What the Pilot Tells You†, was first published in the New Statesman. In this specific article, he touches on points in our lives when we are supposed to do what we are told. Disobedience is when a person chooses to disobey some sort of order they were directed to do. The main point that the author is trying to make is that neither obedience or disobedience should be more prominent than the otherRead MoreObedience : Obedience And Obedience1997 Words   |  8 PagesOBEDIENCE Obedience can be described as an action exhibited by an individual as a result of direct command or order from another person who is normally in position of authority. Obedience take place when an authority figure ask a person to do something, this usually entails people with status, that is, someone giving the command has to be above the person the order is being given to. Everyday Examples of Obedience Obedience plays a vital role in everyday life; it is an expectation for people to obeyRead MoreA Study On Obedience And The Obedience1178 Words   |  5 Pageswanted to do a study on the obedience to an authority figure, and the obedience is a situationist experiment that evidences what happened the real life (Badhwar, 2009). Milgram’s idea was the Holocaust situation and the Nazis who had the authority over European Jews, during World War II, when the Nazi killed thousands of people because they had power, as well as how lived Nazis enemies in the death camps. The point of the research was people behavior in the obedience situation, and Holocaust situationRead MoreHow To Train Your Dog Essay909 Words   |  4 Pagesdog, create a job for him to do such as pulling the kids around the yard in a cart. Practice Your dog is well-exercised and he understands that he needs to refer to you, so now is the time to teach commands. When you begin teaching your dog obedience commands, it will take practice. First, verbalize the command and attempt to get the dog to obey without any touching. For example, if you are teaching â€Å"sit†, you can draw the treat in a straight line form the top of the head. The dog will naturallyRead MoreDog Training The Easy Way817 Words   |  4 Pagesrecommend them, your friends can recommend them, websites such as Angie s list can recommend them. There are many questions you ll probably have for the trainer, but here are a few to bear in mind: What you want your dog to be able to do? Simple obedience is light years from therapy dog training which is a perhaps smaller journey from bomb identification and disposal. Make sure your perspective trainer has experience with your desired outcome. Can you take part? Training where you and your dog learnRead MoreThe Levels Of Obedience1224 Words   |  5 Pagesbecause there was a division of labor. Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi organizer of these mass murders, never saw the direct effects of the genocide he was orchestrating. After the Holo-caust, Stanley Milgram conducted an experiment to study the levels of obedience to authority; he used his experiment to find where evil resided in people and to discover the cause of the Holo-caust. Some people found his findings useful information, while others thought his experiment was morally unacceptable due to his useRead MoreEssay on Obedience1004 Words   |  5 PagesErin Poulsen ACP W131 Mr. Scanlan 19 October, 2015 Comparative Critique Obedience and Disobedience has been a part of key moments in history. Many have studied forms of obedience to learn how it affects people and situations. For example, Stanley Milgram conducted a well-known experiment in which the subject, named the â€Å"teacher† must shock the â€Å"learner† every time he doesn’t remember a word pair from a memory test. The focus of this study is on the teacher, and whether they will administerRead MoreObedience Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesObedience In this essay I am going to write on how obedience can affect individuals on how they would normally behave and integrate in society. The meaning of Obedience is a form of social influence where an individual acts in response to a direct order from another individual, who is usually an authority figure. It is assumed that without such an order the person would not have acted in this way. (McLeod, 2007) Migram (1963) conducted a study on how obedient a person would be to an authority

Role of Political Clubs on Frnech Revolution - 1664 Words

History, Piotrek Szumowski Assess the role of the political clubs for the course of the French Revolution The revolution begun in 1789 with the meeting of the states general. Soon later the Bastille was stormed (till this day French celebrate it as their national holiday), the king was executed and a new constitution was written up. By 1799, end of the revolution, a new time had come not just for the French government, but for all. The revolution was to have an astonishing impact on world affairs, and its effect can be directly seen today. What french political clubs existed at the time and what part did they play during the course of that revolution? One by one I will try to answer this question by looking at how each political party†¦show more content†¦However The most prominent figure of this club has to be Maximillien Robespierre- the leader and founder of the club, and the man responsible behind the reign of terror. As soon as the Jacobins dominated the political scene with the backing of the Paris Mob and commune the so called reign of terror begun (more bellow). The fall of Robespierre meant the fall of the Jacobins, but their spirit lived on in revolutionary doctrine. Girondins Girondins or otherwise called Gerondists were a slightly less radical political club. Even though they encouraged the revolution they tried to carry it out at a calmer and slower rate. They were against the execution of the king, however they did not manage to persuade other clubs to their ideas. During the revolutionary assembly they engaged into personal rivalry against the Jacobins and Cordeliers, which eventually led to their downfall. Their main achievement was persuading the others to declare war on Austria. Unfortunately with Dumouriezs treason, who deflected to the Austrians, theyre position considerably fell. Important figures include

Managing and Mitigating Risk

Question: Discuss the relative benefits and drawbacks of these two tools for risk assessment? Answer: Risk Management Risk management should be adopted and practiced at regular intervals by any organization to ensure its safety from any unpredictable hazard. Risk management and mitigation can be evaluated and measured both qualitatively and quantitatively (Cooperberg, 2005) by the efficient use of various varied tools and techniques. Two of the prime and most commonly used tools for qualitative risk assessment are likelihood/ consequence matrix and risk nomogram. Each of the tool has its own pros and cons and are likely to affect the organization in different terms. Both the tools and approaches are valid in the practical environment with risk nomogram being less used in the industry due to its complexity but the selection of each of the tool would solely depend upon the culture and structure of the company (Ni, 2003) and the quality of risk assessment desired by it. They may vary in terms of ownership, ability, efficiency, cost applied in terms of cost and time and clear prioritization of risks. Th e company is mitigating risk by the use of matrix but are having some drawbacks when it comes to efficiency and speed. Therefore, the objective of the report is to compare the two tools in the background of the company and to conclude the effectiveness of one tool over another. Likelihood/ Consequence Matrix Likelihood is the chance of event occurring in context of risk management. Consequence on the other hand is the measure of expected severity after occurring of the hazard or the accident. The risk likelihood matrix can be used to list the hazards and the top (Clarke, 2004) and help the management to take necessary actions. This risk matrix can also be used in a semi-quantitative format by placing some numbers in each of the box of the matrix which will help in providing a greater resolution for ranking the risk. With the help of this approach, it will be easier to assess cumulative risks (Liu, 1999). The company has been using this technique but has failed to achieve cumulative results required for an analysis concerning broad and clear perspective. The steps required to mitigate the risks were not taken clearly as the decision making was delayed due to the matric approach. Also an individualized approach (Bowling, 2010) for each accident in the hazard was not able to be tracked and analyzed using this matrix. Risk Nomogram The risk nomogram however is much complex to develop and assess but undertakes various roles for risk management and mitigation. It is a graphical device that designed to allow some approximate risk calculations in a graphical manner. It undergoes some of the steps for efficient decision making in the risk assessment. It assesses the likelihood for each particular accident happening for each hazard and the result is stored in likelihood column. The exposure to risk is assessed and entered into the column specified for exposure range giving a measure of how often person does something which makes him vulnerable for risk. A straight line connecting these two is drawn extending to the tie line (Steadman et.al, 2000). Consequences are considered and entered into the respective column. Another line is drawn to assess the consequences. This line when is passes through the risk score gives a complete indication of the action that should be taken up for risk mitigation. The nomogram can also be used for providing guidance for justification of the cost that would be incurred for reducing the risk of a hazard. This risk assessment tool provides one of the most objective, individualized and evidence based risk estimation (Zsidisin, 2004). It should be kept in mind that while using this nomogram it is essential to define each of the individual accidents on a regular basis so that it is easier to assess comparable events or scenarios. But in case there is a failure to comply with such requirements then, results would not be able to be compared with each other resulting into limited utilization and use of this technique. After gaining results from the other company it was evident that the tool was costly for analysis and it failed in giving accurate results in some situations requiring to the point output for the risk mitigation plan. Comparison of Risk Matrix and Risk Nomogram One of the major advantage of using a risk nomogram over the technique of likelihood/ consequence risk matrix is that the risk reduction value which is delivered by some additional risk control techniques and measures can be more accurately measured because risk is presented on a continuous scale instead of presenting it in a form of discrete cells when it comes to risk matrix. The technique of nomogram provides with an individualized prediction of all the accidents pertaining to an event. It is substantially easier and efficient to understand and operationalize the risk assessment which is done on a scale basis (Grey, 1995). Nomograms help in better decision making and provide consistent, reliable and standardized predictions. The comparisons between the two approaches and the results out of both techniques convince the businessmen about the superiority of the nomogram based risk mitigation approach. The utilization of risk matrix is flexible as it can be constructed in a number of formats like 5X5, 4X5, 7X7 etc. It is most common used tool in the industry with every risk manager having deep knowledge and long experience regarding the same. Risk matrix are beneficial in identifying the event outcomes that should be made prioritized or grouped for analyzing the matter further. As far as cost of the tools and techniques used are concerned, this tool provides a quick and comparatively inexpensive methodologies (Jttner, 2005) for analyzing risk. For some high risk areas, and proportional analysis risk matrix provide detailed information and evaluation methods. But development and assessment of risk nomogram is quite complex and is not at all straightforward therefore, users must ensure that they clearly understand the inherent concepts and applications of principles and theories involved in its development before adopting such approach for the company for tasks of risk management. The matter of fact is that the accuracy of the nomogram is limited by the precision with which the physical markings (Singh, 2011) are drawn, viewed or aligned for analysis. Therefore the most common application of nomogram is when an approximate answer is required and is used appropriately. Accuracy is one of the greatest disadvantage of this tool for risk assessment. It is not used easily to donate the different hazards which will lead to major accidents as they are designed to perform some specific calculations. Risk matrix sometimes provide a disadvantage of scale limitation when the scenario is of frequency reduction (Miller, 1992). It fails in providing an accurate frequency reduction raking. Case Studies The company is presently using likelihood/ consequence matrix for evaluation of risk and assessing them in a qualitative manner. As suggested by the boss the need is to dwell deeper into the concept of risk nomogram and to select the most suitable of the both tools suggested. If the company choses to resort to the new technique of risk nomogram then it is likely that the cost incurred would increase but it would provide cumulative data along with individual analysis too (Reason, 1997). On the other hand, the results quoted would be approximate giving a rough draft of the risks and the actions that need to be taken accordingly. Though the risk matrix was working well but due to inclusion of an innovative alternative, it was wise to assess its pros and cons too. The case studies provided a chance for analysis by which we were able to decide the choice of the tool that should have been used in the company for risk management and mitigation. For multiple fatalities from a terrorist attack that has never happened but it is possible, it is best to use the likelihood/ consequence matrix having rare chances of catastrophic effect. Accurate information is required which cannot be given by another tool of nomogram. Similarly, for the single fatality at the Companys head office (one person fell into the stairwell and died, the only fatality since the company started over 35 years ago) can be judged effectively by the present matrix approach having same dimensions. But for a severe irreversible injury from a specific incident that has happened twice in the organization in the last 12 years, it is required to gain cumulative impact and further devise strategies including either correction, awareness, planning or implementing. For other severe case which happens frequently like a manual handling LTI across business, 18 recorded in last 10 years too require nomogram approach. A first aid injury in the head office where there have b een 6 incidents reported in the last 5 years also requires an approximate insight of cumulative data in a quick manner requiring steps for risk assessment too. Conclusion It can be concluded that risk nomogram should be adopted as the new tool but with the requirement of extra cost and extra skills of the employees to do approximate analysis (Grey, 1995) of some major risks accompanied by the risk value and strategies to overcome it. As a result, risk nomogram should be used for risk assessment because of its quickness, transparency, objectivity, clarity (Miller, 1992) and comprehensive framework. References 1. Cooperberg, M. R., Pasta, D. J., Elkin, E. P., Litwin, M. S., Latini, D. M., Du Chane, J., Carroll, P. R. (2005). The University of California, San Francisco Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score: a straightforward and reliable preoperative predictor of disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy.The Journal of urology, 173(6), 1938-1942.2. Ni, M., McCalley, J. D., Vittal, V., Greene, S., Ten, C. W., Ganugula, V. S., Tayyib, T. (2003). Software implementation of online risk-based security assessment.Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on, 18(3), 1165-1172.3. Clarke, S., Cooper, C. L. (2004).Managing the risk of workplace stress: Health and safety hazards. Psychology Press.4. Liu, J. T., Hammitt, J. K. (1999). Perceived risk and value of workplace safety in a developing country.Journal of risk research, 2(3), 263-275.5. Bowling, C. M., Peterson, M. (2010).Assessing Explosives Safety Risks, Deviations, and Consequences (No. DDESB-TP-23). DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE EXPLOSIVES SAFETY BOARD ALEXANDRIA VA.6. Steadman, H. J., Silver, E., Monahan, J., Appelbaum, P. S., Robbins, P. C., Mulvey, E. P., ... Banks, S. (2000). A classification tree approach to the development of actuarial violence risk assessment tools.Law and human behavior, 24(1), 83-100.7. Zsidisin, G. A., Ellram, L. M., Carter, J. R., Cavinato, J. L. (2004). An analysis of supply risk assessment techniques.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 34(5), 397-413.8. Grey, S. (1995).Practical risk assessment for project management (Vol. 25). Wiley.9. Jttner, U. (2005). Supply chain risk management: Understanding the business requirements from a practitioner perspective.The International Journal of Logistics Management, 16(1), 120-141.10. Singh, J. P., Grann, M., Fazel, S. (2011). A comparative study of violence risk assessment tools: A systematic review and metaregression analysis of 68 studies involving 25,980 participants.Clinical psychology review, 31(3), 499-513 .11. Miller, K. D. (1992). A framework for integrated risk management in international business.Journal of international business studies, 311-331.12. Reason, J. T., Reason, J. T. (1997).Managing the risks of organizational accidents (Vol. 6). Aldershot: Ashgate.

Transpiration Lab free essay sample

Describe the process of transpiration in vascular plants. -Transpiration occur when water is lost through the leaves of plants, at the same time water is being absorbed and pulled up the plants roots to be replenished. 2. Describe any experimental controls used in the Investigation. -The environmental controls used in this lab were heat, wind and light (sun). 3. What environmental factors that you tested increased the rate of transpiration? Was the rate of transpiration increased for all plants tested? -Wind and heat were the factors that consistently increased the rate of transpiration. This was shown to happen in all of the plants. 4. Did any of the environmental factors (heat, light, or wind) increase the transpiration rate more than the others? Why? -Wind and heat increased the transpiration rates the most. I think this is because the wind is blowing the moisture away at a higher rate than if the plant was just sitting in the sun, causing it to transpire more. We will write a custom essay sample on Transpiration Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Transpiration occurs at higher levels with heat because of evaporation. 5. Which species of plants that you tested had the highest transpiration rates? Why do you think different species of plants transpire at different rates? The plants with the larger leaves (zebra plant, weeping fig) the more transpiration. -I also think the location and the amount of moisture in the water has a major influence on how much water is available in the plant to transpire. 6. Suppose you coated the leaves of a plant with petroleum jelly. How would the plants rate of transpiration be affected? -The petroleum jelly would block the stomata, which would prevent the exchange of gases and the water vapor would be diffused. 7. Of what value to a plant is the ability to lose water through transpiration? -Without transpiration there would not be photosynthesis.